B.Sc – Microbiology Semester I-

Paper I: General Microbiology

Unit I

History of microbiology, scope and relevance of microbiology, classification of microbial world; bacteria, cyanobacteria, Achaea, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa.

Unit II

Principle, types and application of microscopes, LAF cabinet, autoclave, oven, colony counter,spectrophotometer, ph. meter, anaerobic chamber; Principle, basic apparatus and applications ofelectrophoresis, thermocyclar (PCR), centrifuge, blotting, Chromatography & its types.

Unit III

Isolation, cultivation and identification techniques for microorganisms, aerobic and anaerobiccultivation, biochemical methods for identification, culture media & its type, maintenance & preservation of pure cultures.

Unit IV

Study of Morphology of microbes by staining methods –staining, Simple (Leffer’spolychromemethylene blue& negative staining) Gram’s staining, Zielneelson staining, Flurochrome staining,Leishman’sstaining, Giemsa’s staining, special staining methods to demonstrate granules, capsules & spores.

Books-

There are lots of books which are helpful for beginners. Some of the books are –

  1. Microbiology- pelczar, chan and kreig
  2. General microbiology- stainer, Ingharam, Wheelis and Painter
  3. Biology of microorganisms-Brock and Madigan
  4. Introduction to microbiology- Ingraham and Ingraham
  5. General microbiology-Powar C.B and H.F Daginawala
  6. All these books give introduction to microbiology

Paper II: Bacteria, Virus& Protozoa

Unit I

Morphology and ultra-structure of bacteria; structure, properties and function of cell wall, cellmembranes, flagella, cilia, pili, gas vesicle, chromosomes, carboxysomes, magnetosomes and phycobilisomes, nucleoid.

Unit II

General virology; nomenclature and classification of viruses, Morphology and ultrastructure,capsids and their arrangements, types of envelopes and their compositions. Viral genome, their types and structures. Virus related organisms (viroid’s, virusoids and prions).

Unit III

Bacterial viruses: Bacteriophage structural organization, life cycle, one step growth curve,transcription, DNA replication, eclipsed phase, phage production, burst size, lysogenic size, bacteriophage typing, application in bacterial genetics.

Unit IV

Flagellate protozoa: the Mastigophora, amoeboid protozoa: the Rhizopoda, ciliate protozoa: theciliophora. Protozoal disease: malaria, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, Toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia and disease caused by Leishmania, Trypanosomes.

Text book-

  1. H.C. Dube
  2. Surendra Kumar
  3. R.C. Dubey
  4. S.Chand

SEMESTER: I

UNIT-I

Generalized structure of Pro- & Eukaryote cell. Elementary knowledge of thestructure & function of plasma membrane. Introduction to the organelles constitutingendo-membrane system (Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosome).

UNIT-II

Nucleus & nucleolus; Ribosome; Mitochondria. Introduction to cytoskeleton.Cell Division-Mitosis & Meiosis. Basic features of Cell cycle;Elementary idea of cell transformation and cancer.

UNIT-III

Mendel’s law; Exceptions to Mendel’s law. Incomplete dominance and Co-dominance, Multiple alleles, Lethal alleles, Epistasis.Sex-linked inheritance; Extra chromosomal inheritance.

UNIT-IV

Linkage & Crossing over. Sex determination.Chromosome structure; Euchromatin; Heterochromatin; Histones.Polytene & lampbhrush chromosomes, Eugenesis.

Text Books

  1. Barnes: Invertebrate Zoology (4th ed.), Holt-Saunders
  2. Kotpal, Agrawal & Khetrapal: Modern Text-book of Zoology, Invertebrates.11/E. Rastogi publication

Reference Book:

  1. Alberts et al.: Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Pulb., New York, 1989.
  2. Strickberger: Genetics, Prentice Hall, 1996.
  3. DeRobertis & DeRobertis: Cell & Molecular Biology, 1996
  4. Gupta P.K. : Cell And Molecular Biology, Rastogi Publications
  5. Sarkar B : Cell Structure and Function, Medtech
  6. Verma & Agarwal: Cell Biology, genetics, Molecular Biology. S.Chand & Company

Paper I: Animal Diversity (Non-Chordata)

UNIT-I

Protozoa: General characters and classification up to classes; locomotion and nutrition inProtozoa.Porifera: General characters and classification up to classes; Canal system in sponges.

UNIT-II

Coelenterata: General characters and classification up to classes; Polymorphism in Coelenterates; Corals and coral reefs Helminthes: General characters of Nemathelminthes and Platyhelminthes; Life history ofAscaris lumbricoides and Taenia solium and their parasitic adaptations.

UNIT-III

Annelida: General characters and classification up to classes; Metamerism in Annelida;Trochphore larva and its significance.Arthropoda: General characters and classification up to classes; Zoological importance of Peripatus and Limulus. Metamorphosis in Insects.

UNIT-IV

Mollusca: General characters and classification up to classes; Torsion in Gastropoda; PearlformationEchinodermata: General characters and classification up to classes; Water vascular system in starfish; Echinoderm larvae and their significance.

TEXT BOOKS:

  1. Barnes: Invertebrate Zoology (4th ed.), Holt-Saunders
  2. Kotpal, Agrawal & Khetrapal: Modern Text-book of Zoology, Invertebrates.11/E. Rastogi publication

REFERENCE BOOK:

  1. Kotpal, Agrawal & Khetrapal: Modern Text-book of Zoology, Invertebrates.11/E. Rastogi publication
  2. Marshall & William: Text book of Zoology, Vol I (Parker & Haswell, 7th ed.) Macmillian,.
  3. Nigam: Biology of Non-Chordates, Nagin Chand,.
  4. B.Sc. Zoology Series -Animal Diversity, Tata McGraw Hill Edu Pvt. Ltd. N.Delhi
  5. Jordan E.L. et al.: Invertebrate Zoology. S.Chand & Company Ltd.
  6. Barnes: Invertebrate Zoology (4th ed.), Holt-Saunders.
  7. Barrington: Invertebrate Structure and Function, Nelson.
  8. Iyer: A Manual of Zoology, Part I. Visawanathan

Paper -I Microbiology

Unit-1

  1. History and scope of Microbiology.
  2. A brief idea of microbial diversity and distribution, position of microorganism in theliving world.
  3. Classification of microorganism

Unit-2

  1. Elementary principles and methods of isolation, purification and culture of microorganism(bacteria and fungi)
  2. Role of microorganism in biogeochemical cycle in nature.
  3. Bacteria: structure, reproduction, nutrition, plasmid and economic importance.

Unit-3

  1. Virus: general characteristics, structure, replication, transmission
  2. A brief idea of bacteriophages, cyanophages

Unit-4

  1. Viroids and prions
  2. Mycoplasma: a general account.

Book – 

  1. R C Dubey and Maheswari, A Textbook of Microbiology, S. Chand (publication) Pelczar. Book of Microbiology
  2. Text book of Fungi- Vashistha, S.Chand publication
  3. P D Sharma, Rastogi Publication

Paper -II Fungi, Microbiology and Elementary Plant Pathology

UNIT-I

Brief history and salient features of fungi. Outlines of classification of Alexopolous and salientfeatures of the important group. Habit and habitat, structure and methods of reproduction of fungi based on the following representatives. Stemonitis, Synchytrium, Saprolegnia, Mucor, Penicillium, Phyllactinia, Eurotium, Sacharomyces, Morchella, Puccinia, Agaricus, Alternaria.

UNIT-II

Distribution and classification of the microorganisms. Elementary principles of isolation and purification of the microorganisms. Identification and differentiation of bacteria on the basis of morphology and stains (Negative staining, Gram’s stain, acid fast). Decomposition of the organic matter in soil and the role of the microorganisms in carbon and nitrogen cycle in nature.

UNIT-III

Fine structure of bacteria, their classification, nutrit ion and reproduction. Economic importanceof bacteria. Viruses: Nature, structure, transmission, multiplication and economic importance Bacteriophages-a brief idea. Mycoplasma: a general account.

UNIT-IV

Lichens: Occurrence, physiology (symbiotic relationship) and general structure. Nutrition andreproduction in lichens with special refrence to Parmella. Economic importance of Lichens.

UNIT-V

General symptoms of plant diseases. General principles of infection and resistance. Generalmethods of chemical and biological control of the plant diseases. The symptoms, morphology ofthe causal organism, disease cycle and control measures of the following disease: White rust ofcrucifers, Late blight of potato, Loose smut of wheat, Black rust of wheat, and wart disease of potato, Red rot of sugarcane.

TEXT BOOKS:

  1. B.R. Vashishta, Text book of Fungi.
  2. Singh, Pande and Jain, A text book of Botany

REFERENCE BOOKS:

  1. H.C Gangulee and A.K. Kar, College Botany Vol II